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History & Culture

Siddha System of Medicine

One of the oldest traditional medical systems in the world, originating in Tamil Nadu. Based on the philosophy of 'Siddhars' (spiritual scientists) and closely linked to Dravidian culture.

01

Origin & Philosophy

Attributed to Sage Agathiyar (Father of Siddha). Roots in Tamil culture and Dravidian civilization. Philosophy revolves around 'Andam' (Universe) and 'Pindam' (Body) connection.

02

Tridosha Theory

Diagnosis based on three humors: Vatham (Air/Space), Pitham (Fire), and Kapham (Earth/Water). Pulse reading (Naadi) is a unique diagnostic tool.

03

Material Medica

Uses formulation from metals, minerals (chemico-medical), and plants. Famous for 'Kayakaloa' (rejuvenation) therapy and Varma (vital points) therapy.

04

Recognition & Regulation

Recognized under AYUSH Ministry. National Institute of Siddha (NIS) is in Chennai. Included in WHO's ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases).

05

Distinct from Ayurveda

While sharing Tridosha concept, Siddha is distinct in its strong emphasis on alchemy (Rasavada), mineral-based medicines, and exclusive literature in Tamil language.

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Relevance: GS-1, GS-2: Indian Culture, Traditional Knowledge, AYUSH, Sage Agathiyar, WHO Traditional Medicine
Last Updated: 2026-01-04